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2024届高考英语二轮复习书面表达复习专题13 社会发展类话题话题指导
实例指导1— 关爱老人问题
【写作任务】
据报导，在老年人所有的精神疾患中，由于孤独闭塞而导致的比例高达６① It is reported that up to 67% of the old people are suffering from metal diseases resulting from loneliness.
② This can attribute to several reasons.
③ One of them is that with the development of modern society, people in growing
As far as I’m concerned, on one hand, for us children, we should often go home and stay together with our parents no matter how busy we are. On the other hand, our society should organize all kinds of activities for the senior to help them lead a colorful life. Only when all of us care for the aged can we build a harmonious society.
【范文点评】
该文层次分明、语言连贯，是一篇很有说服力的议论文。作者注重使用较高级的结构，如多次使用了精彩短语（下划线）、句型（斜体）和过渡词句（加粗）。人称和时态使用恰当，问题的分析到位，解决措施合情合理，反映出作者敏捷的思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。
【句型拓展】写“社会问题”类的作文还可以用到以下句型：
1. As is reported in the newspapers, ...
2. Nowadays, more and more people…
3. It is estimated that about 67% of …
4. The reason why… is that ….
5. It is not only because..., but also because….
6. With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of people …
7. There are at least two reasons to account for ...
8. Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is…. Besides,…. The third one is….
9. To sum up, the main cause of … is due to…
10. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ....; for another….
11. Thus, this is the reason why….
12. If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that…
13. Only in this way can we….
14. Only with combined efforts can we….
做，觉得空虚）。
第三段：提出我们该如何关爱老人（⑥解决措施一：孩子不管多忙都应多回家看看；⑦ 解决措施二：社会组织各种活动，丰富老人精神生活。），然后点出主题 （⑧ 只有关爱老人，才能建立和谐社会）。
第三步 分析要点及提纲，提炼关键单词和短语。
要点序号 关键单词和短语
① report, up to 67% of the old people, suffer from, metal diseases, result from
② attribute to, several reasons
③ with the development of modern society, in growing numbers, busier and busier
④ go back home, leave their old parents alone
⑤ after retirement, have nothing to do, adds to
⑥ stay together with, no matter how
⑦ organize activities, lead a colorful life
⑧ care for, a harmonious society
第四步 恰当使用句型，连词成句。
① It is reported that up to 67% of the old people are suffering from metal diseases resulting from loneliness.
② This can attribute to several reasons.
③ One of them is that with the development of modern society, people in growing numbers are becoming busier and busier.
④ They haven’t enough time to go back home, leaving their old parents alone.
⑤ After retirement, most seniors have nothing to do, which adds to their loneliness.
⑥ For us children, we should often go home and stay together with our parents no matter how busy we are.
⑦ Our society should organize all kinds of activities for the senior to help them lead a colorful life.
⑧ Only when all of us care for the aged can we build a harmonious society.
【学生习作】
It is reported that up to 67% of the old people are suffering from metal diseases resulting from loneliness. This can attribute to several reasons.
One of them is that with the development of modern society, people in growing numbers are becoming busier and busier. As a result, they haven’t enough time to go back home, leaving their old parents alone. What’s more, after retirement, most seniors have nothing to do, which adds to their loneliness.
As far as I’m concerned, on one hand, for us children, we should often go home and stay together with our parents no matter how busy we are. On the other hand, our society should organize all kinds of activities for the senior to help them lead a colorful life. Only when all of us care for the aged can we build a harmonious society.
10. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ....; for another….
11. Thus, this is the reason why….
12. If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that…
13. Only in this way can we….
14. Only with combined efforts can we….
实例指导3――医疗制度的看法
来描写议论有关医疗问题的书面表达，要从以下几个方面入手：
个完整的画面。
写作范例：
随着中国老龄化趋势的养老保障和医疗改革已经成为目前老百姓普遍关心的话题。建设社会化的农村卫生服务网络。 加强村卫生机构建设。 safeguard
参考范文
With the development of people’s life, there are more and more old people in China. Then the safeguard provided for the aged and the medical care are more paid attention to .
As we all know , China is still a agricultural country, and many people are still not very rich , especially some of peasants. At present , many people can’t afford heavy medical fees. Because of this , they may get into deep debt if they suffer from the serious diseases . Worse still , some have to wait for the last day of their life.
According to these things, it’s time for the government to reform the medical care . In my opinion, the first , we should build a large many of social sites of medical care . The second, the government should strengthen the village’s medical organization .
佳句和短语背诵：
1. With the development of people’s life, there are more and more old people in China.
2. pay attention to
3. As we all know , China is still a agricultural country.
4. At present , many people can’t afford heavy medical fees.
5.Because of this , they may get into deep debt if they suffer from the serious diseases .
6.Worse still
7. according to
8. It’s time to do sth. ….
9. should ……
写作练习：
日前有这么一篇报道，引起很多人的强烈反响。报道中说一位农村老大爷得了心脏病以后，因为无力支付高昂的医疗费用，只好在家等待死神的到来。请你根据此情况写一篇作文，说说你的看法。
写作指导：
1. 认真审题，选好描写的角度。确定站在第2人称的角度上写和从存在的问题和解决的办法写作。
2. 选好说明顺序。首先列举出出现问题的原因，第二问题的表现，第三解决问题的办法或途径。
3. 注意行文连贯。段与段之间联系要紧密，后一段应该是前一段的自然过渡和发展。在形式上,段首可用一些关联词来体现这种段与段之间的逻辑关系。
4. 利用文章的内容确定你的论述的内容以后，使你的论述来支持你的观点，为此你可以适当发挥。
5. 尽量使用复合句，使其句子结构逻辑严密，说理性强。
参考范文：
实例指导4――是否克隆
【写作任务】
假设你叫李华，是你们班的班长。在你们学习了有关克隆的英语课文以后，你们班组织了一次主题班会，来讨论克隆对于人类的好处和坏处。请你根据讨论的结果，给《英语辅导报》写一封英语短信， 把你们讨论的内容和结果告诉编辑老师。
大部分同学同意克隆对人类、动物的好处。
一部分同学坚持克隆给人类带来的弊端。
最后说明你的观点。
注意：词数120－150 。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you the opinions about cloning in our class .
On the one hand, many students thought cloning would be beneficial to human beings. For example, if a couple can’t have children, cloning can give them a child. We can also use cloning to cure illnesses and use clones for factory work. What’s more, we could clone animals that are becoming extinct.
On the other hand, some other students insisted that cloning had its disadvantages and might cause a lot of problems. Firstly, if there were cloned humans, a lot of people would have no work. Secondly, cloned animals get ill and die quite young. Lastly, cloning is very dangerous. Scientists may create monsters by mistake.
In my opinion, cloning is a science that has already and will continue to have an enormous influence on our lives. We should use it to make our lives better.
Yours,
Li Hua
实例指导5――老龄社会化问题
写作任务:
随着人口的有效控制,医疗技术的进步,中国逐渐进入人口老龄化社会,解决好老人的问题就尤为重要。根据下表提示,请以"How to Solve the Problem of Supporting the Aging Population"为题,谈谈你对解决该问题的看法。
家人照顾老人；工作之余多去看望老人；理解老人社区经常组织有益于老人身心的活动，让他们老有所乐政府建立完善的养老体制，保障必需的生活开支；投资兴建敬老院
注意:
1. 必须包括上述所有内容, 词数130左右；
2. 不得逐条翻译,可适当发挥；
3. 参考词汇:
社区community 敬老院old folks’home
分析:
1. 这是一篇以"解决社会现象"为主题的议论文。首先要从所给材料中提炼要点,题目分别从家庭、社区、政府这三个方面给出了解决老年人问题的方法。
2. 写社会现象类议论文通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
1)提出问题。首先引出令人关注的社会问题。一般应开门见山,直接提出存在的社会问题。该篇作文题目中提出的问题即现在社会进入了老龄化社会,需要解决好老人的问题。
2)分析问题。对提出的社会现象进行分析,推理,运用材料对论点进行论证,使论点得到足够的支持。这篇作文要求是以"谈谈你对解决该问题的看法"为主,并不需要过多地分析如何造成老龄化的问题以及危害有多大,因此该部分不是重点,不需花过多笔墨。
3)解决问题。是该篇习作的主要部分,需要明确所要解决的问题,提出问题的解决方法。解决方法以表格形式给出提示,同学们只需据此发挥拓展即可。
1. 作者开门见山,直截了当地提出了一个社会问题:人口老龄化问题亟待解决。然后从家庭、社区、政府三个方面提出了解决的办法。逻辑严密,很有说服力。在短文的最后,作者再次重申了自己的观点,呼应了主题。
2. 短文层次清楚,结构完整。表达通顺、连贯。作者在提示的基础上作了一定程度的自由发挥。在语言运用上,用词精巧,表达较地道。同时又使用了一些较为复杂的句型结构,如:定语从句、插入语。可见小作者还是具有较扎实的语言基本功的。
3. 文章不足之处在于:
society. The government should come up with ideas to improve the situation. For instance, more old folks?homes where the aged can live happily should be built.
In a world where the number of old people is increasing, we need as much understanding and tolerance as possible. Luckilny, more attention has been paid to the problem. Perhaps getting old won抰 be such a depressing thing after all.
p
实例指导6—电视的发展变化
【写作任务】
请根据下列提示，写一篇120—150 词左右的英语短文，介绍电视的发展变化以及对人们生活的影响。
十年前 现在
价格 昂贵 便宜
家拥有量 40％ 98％
节目 节目内容少，趣味性低。 涌现出大量的电视台，节目丰富多彩，引人入胜。卫星电视全天播放。
优缺点
画面和声音质量差导致
很多人成为近视眼。
由于技术进步，画面和声音的质量大为提高。看电视成为一种享受。
对于人们生活的影响
人与人之间交流多。业余时间主要用于读书和学习。
大量的时间被浪费在看电视上，人与人之间的交流越来越少，没有时间读书。
【思路指导】
这是一篇以电视今昔发展变化，描写对象的文章。写作时可注意下列问题：
1）按照对照项目逐项进行客观性描写。这类作文一般是客观介绍、解释或说明事物的异同点，使读者获得知识和信息，一般不需要作者发表个人看法。
2）行文的条理性和语言的准确性，这类文章不单要求行文逻辑严密，语言简明扼要。切忌含糊其辞、模棱两可。
3）根据写作要求说明要比较对象的同点。注意恰当使用表示相反或对比关系的衔接词，使段落和全文的语义连贯。
4）本文的时态应，一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时为主。
【参考短语和句型】
短语：in the past , but now, at present , firstly，secondly, next , the last , take the place of , while, as well as , In addition, set up, afford , one after another. with the development of …, there fore
, play a part in , influence , as a result
句型：But the differences between them are obvious. In the past ten years great changes have taken place ,
so …that …New TV stations are
, … than …, most of which ＋非限制性定语从句, What's more, spent time in doing sth.
【范文欣赏】
Great changes have taken place to TV in our hometown
.
Ten years ago, TV was so expensive that only 40% of families could afford one. But now, it' s cheap enough for 98% of the all the families to have one. There are more programs now than the past, most of which are attractive. The TV broadcasts programs 24 hours a day. What's more, the picture and the sound of TV are much clear today while in the past many people' s eyes
became near-sighted because of watching TV. Therefore now watching TV becomes an enjoyment.
The development of TV has also influenced people' s lives. In the past, people communicated a lot with each other . But now, people waste almost all their spare time watching TV , so that they have not much time to communicate and read.
随暑电脑的普及，用电子邮件进行沟通已成为时尚。电子邮件和书信相差不多，主要由称呼、正文和落款三部分构成。而写作正文时要特别注意：
