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高考维“升”素22——体育运动
（时间：分钟）维A 阅读理解
(2024·江苏卷)Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship.It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7～17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.
Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married，single，with or without children.Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors：someone to trust，to have fun with，to talk and go to when needed.
A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive selfrespect，confidence and life direction.
Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world.It is the largest and most wellknown provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.
Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008.Emily is a 10yearold girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school.“I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.”
Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her selfworth.”
Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program.“I googled it and found out how to be a part of it.I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.”
Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah.They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful，happy and unique girl she is!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Big Brothers Big Sisters这一活动的具体事宜及一些志愿者的反映。
1．What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?
A．To offer students public services.
B．To help students improve their grades.
C．To organize sport activities for young people.
D．To provide partnership and fun for young people.
答案 D [考查细节理解。从第一段的“It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7～17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.”可知，这是一个成人志愿者给感情上脆弱的年轻人提供友谊和快乐的项目。]
2．A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________.
A．24 hours
B．36 hours
C．48 hours
D．72 hours
答案 B [考查推理判断。从第三段的第一句可知，志愿者们和这些年轻人每个月都会碰面三四次，每次都在一到四个小时之间，所以他们一年最少也会碰面36个小时。]
3．According to Emily's mother，this program may provide Emily with ________.
A．advice from her teachers
B．a new way to assess herself
C．a new way to judge her schoolmates
D．more comments from her schoolmates
答案 B [考查推理判断。从第六段的内容可知，Emily的妈妈认为Emily可以通过不同的反馈而不是只依靠同学们来估量自我价值。]
4．Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?
A．She used to be a volunteer.
B．She needed a parttime job.
C．She felt a bit bored with her life.
D．She wanted to get a challenging job.
答案 C [考查细节理解。从第七段的“I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.”可知，有时候只工作，不娱乐，这让Sarah感到生活乏味，这是她参加这个项目的原因。]
5．According to the passage，“vulnerable young people” are probably those who are ________.
A．popular at school
B．rather weak physically
C．easily hurt emotionally
D．confident in themselves
答案 C [考查推理判断。从第三段的“These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive selfrespect，confidence and life direction.”可知，画线部分指的是比较脆弱、容易受到伤害的人。vulnerable表示“脆弱的，易受……伤害的”。]
维B 完形填空
选材网站：http：//bbs.caame.com/archiver
高考曾用材料：2011北京卷完形填空
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★★
Being a high school coach，I did all I could to help my boys win the games.I
__1__
as hard for victory as they did.A dramatic
__2__，however，following a game in which I officiated as a referee，__3__
my perspective on victories and defeats.I was
__4__
a league championship basketball game in New Rochelle，New York，between New Rochelle and Yonkers High.
New Rochelle was
__5__
by Dan O'Brien，Yonkers by Les Beck.The gym was fully
__6__ to capacity，and the volume of noise made it
__7__
to hear.The game was well played and
__8__
competed.Yonkers was leading by one point as I
__9__
there were but 30 seconds left to play.
Yonkers，in
__10__
of the ball，passed off—shot—missed.New Rochelle recovered—pushed the ball up court—shot.The ball
__11__
tantalizingly around the edge and off.The fans shrieked.
New Rochelle，the home team，__12__
the ball again，tapping it in for what looked like
__13__.The noise was deafening.From the clock，I realized the game was
__14__.I hadn't heard the final buzzer because of the noise.
Seeking help in this disorder，I
__15__
the timekeeper，a young man of 17 or so.He said，Mr.Covino，the buzzer rang as the ball rolled off the rim
__16__
the final tapin was made.
I was in the unenviable
__17__
of having to tell Coach O'Brien the sad news.“Dan，” I said，“Yonkers
__18__
the game.” His face clouded over.The young timekeeper came up，saying，“Sorry，Dad，__19__
ran out before the final basket was tapped in.”
__20__
like the sun coming out from behind a cloud，Coach O'Brien's face lit up，“That's okay，Joe，my son，you did what you had to do.I'm proud of you.”
Note：
officiate vt.行使
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。“我”是一名教练，可在一次比赛中所发生的事情让“我”印象深刻。
1．A.played
B．thought
C．rooted
D．studied
答案 C [从前一句可知，作者是球队的教练，因此选C。root for表示“全力支持”。]
2．A.accident
B．event
C．occurrence
D．incident
答案 D [a dramatic incident意为“戏剧性的小事”。accident指“突发的事故”；event指“大事”；occurrence指“异常情况”。]
3．A.changed
B．proved
C．continued
D．supported
答案 A [从最后一段可知，Coach O'Brien对球赛的胜败态度的转变也影响了作者自己。]
4．A.playing
B．refereeing
C．watching
D．explaining
答案 B [B项照应了前一句中的提示“referee”。]
5．A.coached
B．acted
C．surrounded
D．shocked
答案 A [从最后一段可知，Dan O'Brien是New Rochelle的教练，应选A。]
6．A.untreated
B．unsafe
C．crowded
D．legal
答案 C [考查形容词的用法。根据上下文可以推断体育馆的人很多，选C。untreated意为“未处理的”；unsafe意为“不安全的”；legal意为“合法的”。]
7．A.surprising
B．impossible
C．exciting
D．timely
答案 B [从前一空和“noise”可推知B比较合理。]
8．A.continuously
B．closely
C．easily
D．happily
答案 B [从后一句可知，双方几乎势均力敌，所以选B。]
9．A.discovered
B．remained
C．accessed
D．added
答案 A [当作者发现“Yonkers was leading by one point”的时候还剩30秒比赛结束。A项符合题意。]
10．A.search
B．pride
C．honour
D．possession
答案 D [本题考查的是词组in possession of，意为“控制”，是“passeoff—shot—missed”这一系列动作的前提。]
11．A.ran
B．rolled
C．walked
D．wandered
答案 B [球投到篮里的时候，是roll(滚动)比较合乎题意。]
12．A.refused
B．removed
C．recovered
D．examined
答案 C [根据“New Rochelle recovered—pushed the ball up court—shot.”可知答案应该是C。]
13．A.failure
B．victory
C．mistake
D．bravery
答案 B [B项既照应了上文“tap in”(托进或拨进篮筐)，也照应了下面的“as the ball rolled off the rim__16__ the final tapin was made”，故选B。]
14．A.over
B．last
C．dilemma
D．unfair
答案 A [从下面可知，球赛应该over(结束)，但没听到当时停止的信号。]
15．A.entered
B．left
C．approached
D．seperated
答案 C [到计时员那儿去问，所以应该是approach(走近)。]
16．A.if
B．before
C．and
D．after
答案 B [从下文可以推知，哨声是在最后一个进球之前吹响的，应选B。]
17．A.situation
B．position
C．condition
D．state
答案 B [由于作者是裁判，再加上胜败已成定局，此时处于不值得羡慕的位置，故选B。situation指“形势”；condition指“条件”；state指“状况”。]
18．A.won
B．lost
C．defeated
D．loss
答案 A [根据上下文可知赢了比赛，应选A。]
19．A.way
B．money
C．strength
D．time
答案 D [句意是“在最后一个球投中之前时间就已经到了”，所以应选D。]
20．A.Actually
B．Luckily
C．Finally
D．Suddenly
答案 D [因为Coach O'Brien的态度是在儿子的几句话后快速改变的，因此D比较符合语境。]
维C 阅读理解
选材网站：http：//manofthehouse.com
高考曾用材料：2024广东卷D篇
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★Mankind evolved
to possess the fightorflight stress response，allowing us to survive in a dangerous world.Yet in today's manmade jungle，it has become one of our greatest killers.
Even simple tasks，such as driving to work，are often compounded by emotional responses: expletives hurled，fists shaken in anger and aggressive threats made toward other drivers.We forget to turn off our nature and instead allow stress，anger and frustration to take physical control of our bodies.
Why Stress，Anger and Frustration are Problematic
The problem with stress and anger in the modern world is that most stressful or frustrating scenaries do not require an active physical response.There are no lions or tigers to escape，only imaginary ones.Our inactivity in the face of stress or frustration causes most of us not to recognize that our fightorflight response system has been started.Our bodies often exist in a state of constant panic，and the chemicals and hormones released into the blood become toxic，resulting in heart disease，arthritis，osteoporosidiabetesandcertain cancers.The_biological_response_that_has_helped_to_keep_us_from_becoming_prey_for_thousands_of_years_is_now_preying_upon_us.
How to Keep Stress，Anger and Frustration from Killing You
The first thing to do in the battle against stress and anger is to recognize them.Recognizing triggers and physical responses to stressful situations can help you reduce them.Once you recognize that a stressful situation has triggered a physiological response，the best way to bring the body back into a homeostatic_state is through physical activity.Walking，running，biking，jumping or any energetic activity will help bring the body back into equilibrium.While it may seem strange to do 100 jumping jacks after a stressful meeting or go for a jog after getting into an argument with your wife，it can save your life.It only feels unnatural because our environment is unnatural.Don't let stress，anger or frustration eat at you.Fight back through exercise.
Notes：
frustration n．挫折 ②equilibrium n．平衡
长短句分析：Our bodies often exist in a state of constant panic，and the chemicals and hormones released into the blood become toxic，resulting in heart disease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetes and certain cancers.
句法点睛：and前后为顺承关系，resulting是动名词形式作结果状语。
句意：我们的身体常常处于一种持续的恐慌状态，这使得化学物质和释放入血液中的荷尔蒙变得有毒，从而导致心脏病、关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和某些癌症。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了面对压力、愤怒和挫折，人们最佳的应对方法——进行体育活动。
1．Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage as the expression of emotional response during driving to work?
A．Expletives hurled.
B．Sweat all over.
C．Fists shaken in anger.
D．Aggressive threats.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Even simple tasks，such as driving to work，are often compounded by emotional responses：expletives hurled，fists shaken in anger and aggressive threats made toward other drivers.”可知，A项、C项和D项都在文中有信息支持，只有B项未提及。]
